Tens of thousands of protesters joined two rival marches in London on Saturday - the Unite the Kingdom rally organised by far-right figure Tommy Robinson, and a pro-Palestinian demonstration.
More than 4,000 police officers were deployed to the capital to manage a so-called "sterile zone" between the two marches. Officers also used drones, police horses and dogs, and had armoured vehicles on standby.
The Metropolitan Police called it one of the most significant policing operations in years, with tens of thousands of football fans also at Wembley Stadium for the FA Cup Final on Saturday afternoon.
The force said there were 43 arrests at the two protests, and an additional 22 at the FA Cup Final, as of 19:30 BST.
Protesters attending the Unite the Kingdom march gathered in Kingsway, before heading to Whitehall and a rally in Parliament Square.
Many could be seen waving Union flags, with some wearing "Make England Great Again (Mega)" red hats. Chants of "we want Starmer out" could also be heard.
Those gathered told the BBC they had a wide range of views - including some who wanted to see the end of the current government, and others who felt white people, in particular white working class people, were being discriminated against in the UK.
Police had put up barriers to block routes between the two protests.
Alongside Robinson, whose real name is Stephen Yaxley-Lennon, speakers at the rally included former LBC presenter Katie Hopkins, actor-turned-politician Laurence Fox, and TV personality Ant Middleton.
Robinson called for crowds to get involved in politics, including by registering to vote and joining a political party.
"Are you ready for the battle of Britain? 2029 we have an election. We're not asking anyone to go out and fight, but this is the most important moment in our generation," he said.
He also led protesters in a chant of support for technology billionaire Elon Musk, the world's richest person.
Musk gave a video address at a previous Unite the Kingdom rally and reposted messages in support of Saturday's rally on his social media platform X.
Siobhan Whyte, whose daughter Rhiannon was murdered by a Sudanese asylum seeker, told the protest that Prime Minister Sir Keir Starmer had "failed my daughter".
The separate pro-Palestinian march, marking Nakba Day, started in Kensington before heading to Waterloo Place via Piccadilly.
Nakba Day refers to the displacement of Palestinians who fled or were driven from their homes during the war surrounding Israel's creation in 1948-49.
Demonstrators expressed a wide range of views to the BBC, with many describing themselves as both anti-genocide and anti-fascist.
A number of protesters said they were conscious that some Jewish people reported feeling intimidated by such marches, but said they abhorred antisemitism and there was no place for it at the march.
Flags and signs reading slogans including "smash the far right" and "Free Palestinian Hostages" could be seen amongst those gathered, many of whom were wearing keffiyehs, seen as a symbol of solidarity with Palestinians.
Speakers at the rally included Your Party co-founders Jeremy Corbyn and Zarah Sultana, independent MP Diane Abbott and Labour MP Apsana Begum.
Abbott told demonstrators that they faced a "common enemy" in the "far right".
She added: "They are viciously right-wing, viciously racist, they are anti-black, anti-Muslim, and viciously antisemitic.
"We have to come together… to fight the racists, to fight the fascists, to fight the antisemites."
There were strict controls on where the marches could go and and what time they finished.
The Nakba protest finished at about 17:30 as stipulated by the Met, while the Unite the Kingdom protest was scheduled to finish at 18:00 - after which the force said both Parliament Square and Whitehall were "largely clear" of protesters.
It said both protests had "proceeded largely without significant incident".
It did not specify the offences nor the event to which all the arrests were connected.
It earlier said two men were arrested near Euston station - one of whom was wanted on suspicion of grievous bodily harm following an incident in Birmingham, and was spotted arriving in London to attend the Unite the Kingdom rally.
The second man was wanted for a separate offence which involved encouraging people to attack a police officer, the force added - having earlier said both men were connected to the incident in Birmingham.
The Met said four officers were assaulted, "fortunately none seriously", during its public order operation on Saturday, without specifying at which events.
It said another six officers were "subjected to hate crime offences".
Ahead of the demonstrations, Met Police Deputy Assistant Commissioner James Harman said the policing operation would cost the force £4.5m.
The Met said the risks meant it had to impose the "highest degree of control", including the first use of live facial recognition cameras as part of a protest policing operation.
Live facial recognition was used at Euston and King's Cross St Pancras railway stations, where people attending the Unite the Kingdom march were likely to have arrived.
Drones were used to monitor both protest routes, while officers in Wembley monitored CCTV feeds from the FA Cup final to identify supporters travelling towards demonstrations.
Eleven foreign "far-right agitators" were blocked from entering the country to attend the Unite the Kingdom event, the government said on Friday.
Among the 11 blocked from entering the UK was the US-based, anti-Islam influencer Valentina Gomez, who attended the first Unite the Kingdom march last September.
In a statement on Friday, Sir Keir Starmer said: "We're in a fight for the soul of this country, and the Unite the Kingdom march this weekend is a stark reminder of exactly what we are up against.
"Its organisers are peddling hatred and division, plain and simple. We will block those coming into the UK who seek to incite hatred and violence.
"For anyone who sets out to wreak havoc on our streets, to intimidate or threaten anyone, you can expect to face the full force of the law."
John Rees from Stop the War, one of the organisers of the pro-Palestinian march, said the event happened on the same day every year and questioned why the Unite the Kingdom march was allowed to also take place on 16 May.
The police response should have been that it was "unacceptable", he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
The Met had previously said it was already in discussion with Unite the Kingdom when the application for the Nakba Day march was made.
Meanwhile, new guidance issued by the Crown Prosecution Service pushed prosecutors to consider whether protest placards, banners and chants viewed on social media may amount to offences of stirring up hatred.
Specialist officers were primed to take swift decisions to arrest and charge hate speech crimes, including for chants referring to "intifada" at the pro-Palestinian march.
Home Secretary Shabana Mahmood said the right to protest was "a cornerstone of our democracy".
She added: "But anyone spreading hate or committing acts of violence will face the full force of the law."
Additional reporting by Suzanne Leigh
